Linear correlation between pH value of stimulated beef and electrical current intensity

The aim of the present study was to determine mathematical relationships between pH changes in beef 24 h post-slaughter and changes in the intensity of electrical current flowing through bull and heifer carcasses during high-voltage electrical stimulation. The electrical stimulation was applied 40 min postmortem for 120 s. The pH values of m. longissimus thoracis et lumborum were analyzed in the function of electrical current intensity changes and its change during electrical stimulation. Mathematical linear correlations of the y = ax ± b type were demonstrated between pH values at 2, 6, and 24 h postmortem and the initial (I_i) and ultimate (I_u) electrical current intensity values, the difference between them and the initial pH values determined before electrical stimulation. High multiple correlation coefficients (R² = 0.416, α ≤ 0.001) between I_u and pH values 24 h post-slaughter enabled concluding that there is a possibility to predict a pH value of stimulated carcass with high accuracy, and thus also beef quality, based merely on the ultimate electrical current intensity values.     

A Stimulation Method to Assess the Contractile Status of the Lumbar Extensors in a Seated Posture

The purpose of present study was to develop and evaluate methods to assess stimulation responses of the lumbar extensors, as part of a longer‐term goal of detecting fatigue during prolonged sitting. Three stimulation frequencies (2, 5, and 8 Hz) were tested in separate stages, which include 3 stimulation trains and 4 sampling blocks. Repeated measures analyses of variance were used to determine whether any significant differences in mean stimulation responses occurred with respect to stimulation frequency, sampling block, and stimulation train. Reliability of measured stimulation responses was assessed within and between sampling blocks using intraclass correlation coefficients. Stimulation frequencies significantly affected the stimulation responses and time‐to‐potentiation differed between the 3 stimulation frequencies; it was highest for 2 Hz stimulation. All 3 stimulation frequencies resulted in excellent reliability within and between sampling blocks. Use of the current protocol at 2 Hz is recommended as appropriate to measure the lumbar extensors status during prolonged sitting.     

海上稠油油田蒸汽吞吐产量确定新方法

针对目前蒸汽吞吐产量预测模型假设条件简单、普适性差等问题,一般采用测试法和类比法综合确定海上稠油油田蒸汽吞吐初期产量。由于目前海上油田通常只开展常规测试,无法直接获得热采开发初期产量。笔者提出海上稠油油田蒸汽吞吐初期产量确定新方法,建立蒸汽吞吐相对于常规开发的初期产量倍数预测模型,通过蒸汽吞吐产量倍数,将常规测试确定的产量转化为蒸汽吞吐产量。研究表明,蒸汽吞吐初期产量倍数主要受储集层渗透率、原油黏度、注入强度、蒸汽干度等因素影响,利用正交试验设计和多元回归等方法,建立海上稠油油田蒸汽吞吐初期产量倍数与油藏地质参数及注入参数之间的非线性预测模型,该模型经实际生产数据验证,预测误差小于5%,可靠性高,能够为海上稠油油田蒸汽吞吐初期产量的确定提供依据。     

稠油蒸汽吞吐过程中加热半径与井网关系的新理论

综合评价了稠油蒸汽吞吐过程中加热半径计算的3种经典模型,并推导出了稠油蒸汽吞吐过程中最大加热半径计算公式,首次采用Buckley-Leverret方程计算了热水带的加热半径,其结果与油田开发实际符合较好.同时,首次提出了稠油蒸汽吞吐在多轮次加热过程中的一种新理论：在1～4周期蒸汽起到了扩大加热半径的作用,随着周期增多而加热前缘向外扩展作用减小,蒸汽主要起重复加热油层的作用.本文导出的新模型公式及提出的新理论,对于不同类型稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐的井距设计具有一定的借鉴意义.     

油水井措施经济效益分析方法研究

针对油气藏产量下降,经济效益变差的情况,为提高油气井产量,提高油气藏采收率,从经济学的角度出发,确定出了油水井措施效益分析时的各个参数的选定和取法,并建立了措施经济效益评价方法,为实施油水井进一步开发制定相应的决策提供了参考依据.     

射孔枪+内置式压力计托筒+水力泵新三联作试油(测试)工艺技术在大港油田研制与应用

该工艺技术是在原三联作(TCP+MFE+JET)基础上,根据大港油田勘探试油(测试)的需要,研制开发出的又一新技术,与原三联作相比,一趟管柱不但完成求产、测压、泵排工作,而且还能进行酸化等措施,提高了资料品质,减少了作业成本。经过6井次现场应用,全部达到了设计要求,取得了工艺、资料、成本、速度的较大进步,具有较高推广应用价值。     

油气藏增产措施优选的灰色决策方法研究

油气藏增产措施优选是一个多目标决策问题。对该问题建立评价指标(即:措施投入、措施增油量、措施净收益、措施有效期、投资回收期、地质有效率、经济有效率、措施投入产出比、措施最低增油量)的相关矩阵,运用线性变换将相关评价指标转换成彼此独立的指标参数,并根据这些参数对总体特征的贡献率确定新指标权重,在新的评价矩阵和权重的基础上,应用灰色关联度决策方法对措施方案进行评价和优选,消除了指标相关性的影响,决策结果更为有效。     

滨南油区注水现状及治理技术

通过对滨南油区注水现状的调查，发现存在的主要问题是水井套管损坏严重和部分水井欠注。文章全面地介绍了套管损坏井治理和攻欠增注工艺技术在现状的应用。     

Analytical, numerical and experimental investigations of transverse fracture propagation from horizontal wells

This paper presents results of a comprehensive study involving analytical, numerical and experimental investigations into transverse fracture propagation from horizontal wells. The propagation of transverse hydraulic fractures from horizontal wells is simulated and investigated in the laboratory using carefully designed experimental setups. Closed-form analytical theories for Mode I (opening) stress intensity factors for idealized fracture geometries are reviewed, and a boundary element-based model is used herein to investigate non-planar propagation of fractures. Using the mixed mode fracture propagation criterion of the model, a reasonable agreement is found with respect to fracture geometry, net fracture pressures and fracture propagation paths between the modeled fractures and the laboratory tested fractures. These results suggest that the propagation of multiple fractures requires higher net pressures than a single fracture, the underlying reason of which is theoretically justified on the basis of local stress distribution.